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How does an atom or molecule become an ion?

  1. By gaining or losing electrons

  2. By gaining or losing protons

  3. By changing its mass number

  4. By altering its atomic number

The correct answer is: By gaining or losing electrons

An atom or molecule becomes an ion by gaining or losing electrons. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it can acquire a positive or negative charge, thereby becoming an ion. This process is essential in forming ions and determining their chemical properties. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because ions are formed by the gain or loss of electrons, not protons, changes in mass number, or alterations in atomic number.